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How To Create Sine Waves From Square Waves And RC Filters
Inrush Current
Kirchhoff's Circuit Laws
Light Dimmers
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Made For iPod/iPhone/iPad (MFi)
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RC Charging Circuits
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The Schematic And PCB Design Guide
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What Are Transfer Functions, Poles, And Zeroes?
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PCI Express (PCIe)
PCIe Hardware Design Guide
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How To Route USB Tracks
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Compliance and Standards
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EMC Design Guidelines
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Components
AI Accelerators
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HE910 Design Notes
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LT3745 Design Guide
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Xilinx 7 Series (Artix-7, Kintex-7, Virtex-7)
Xilinx 7 Series Design Guide
Fuel Gauge ICs
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SEPICs
Voltage References
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Satellite Modems
IDP-110 Design Guide
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A Sensible Part Numbering Scheme For Electronic Components
Altium
Altium BOM Template Files (Excel)
Altium Bugs And Things To Watch Out For
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Coil Gun Mach 1
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The Three Classical Pythagorean Means
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Component Packages
1-3G1G Component Package
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463C-03 Component Package
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Crystal Packages
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DO-103AA Component Package
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EEP Component Package
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SC-116A Component Package
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SC-76 Component Package
SC-79 Component Package
SC-88A Component Package
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SIM Card Sizes
SIP Component Package
SMA (DO-214AC) Component Package
SMB (DO-214AA) Component Package
SMC (DO-214AB) Component Package
SMD-220 Component Package
SMD Electrolytic Capacitor Packages
SMD Inductor Packages
SMD Tantalum Capacitor Packages
SMD35 Component Package
SMF Component Package
SMT3 Component Package
SNAPHAT Component Package
SOD-106 Component Package
SOD-110 Component Package
SOD-123 Component Package
SOD-123F Component Package
SOD-128 Component Package
SOD-27 Component Package
SOD-323 Component Package
SOD-429 Component Package
SOD-523 Component Package
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SOD-723 (SC-104A) Component Package
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SOD-923 Component Package
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SON Component Package
SOP Component Package
SOT-1040-1 Component Package
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SOT-162-1 Component Package
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SOT-227 Component Package
SOT-23 Component Package
SOT-23F Component Package
SOT-323 Component Package
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SOT-353 Component Package
SOT-363 (SC-88) Component Package
SOT-416 Component Package
SOT-428 Component Package
SOT-457 Component Package
SOT-490 Component Package
SOT-523F Component Package
SOT-563 Component Package
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SOT-669 Component Package
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SOT-753 Component Package
SOT-762-1 Component Package
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SPM23 Component Package
SSOP Component Package
SuperSOT-3 Component Package
TO-126 Component Package
TO-18 Component Package
TO-204 AA Component Package
TO-204 AD Component Package
TO-204 AE Component Package
TO-205AD Component Package
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TO-209AB Component Package
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TO-226 Component Package
TO-23 Component Package
TO-236AA Component Package
TO-236AB Component Package
TO-247 Component Package
TO-247AC Component Package
TO-252 (DPAK) Component Package
TO-253-4 Component Package
TO-253AA Component Package
TO-261-4 Component Package
TO-261AA Component Package
TO-263 Component Package
TO-268 (D3PAK) Component Package
TO-273AA Component Package
TO-277A (SMPC) Component Package
TO-279 Component Package
TO-3 Component Package
TO-39 Component Package
TO-46 Component Package
TO-5 Component Package
TO-52 Component Package
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TO-92 (TO-226) Component Package
TO-93 (TO-209AB) Component Package
TO-99 Component Package
TO-Leadless Component Package
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TQFP Component Package
TSOC Component Package
TSOP Component Package
TSSOP Component Package
uMAX Component Package
uSiP Component Package
USON Component Package
uSOP Component Package
WLCSP Component Package
WOG Component Package
WSON Component Package
Decoupling And Noise Suppression
Designators
Desmear And Etchback
General Routing Tips
How To Calculate Maximum Track Current
IMS (Insulated Metal Substrate) PCBs
Layer Stack-up
Mid-Chip Solder Balls
Mouse Bites
Pads, Vias And Holes
PCB Data Formats
PCB Design Checklist
PCB Design Tools
PCB Layers
PCB Surface Finishes
Prototyping
Schematic Tips And Tricks
Soldering
Soldermask Stencils
Test Jigs
Testpoints
The PCB Rework Guide
Thermal Design For PCBs
Programming
A Comparison Of Embedded Platforms And HALs
Algorithms And Data Structures
Algorithm Time Complexity
Associative Arrays
Bresenham's Line Algorithm
Convex Hull Algorithms
How To Parse Mathematical Expressions
Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs)
Optimization
Sorting Algorithms
Tries
ANSI Escape Sequences
Artificial Intelligence
A Step-by-Step Introduction to Machine Learning in Python
The Sigmoid Function
Understanding Logistic Regression
Bootloaders
Das U-Boot
Build Systems And Package Managers
A C/C++ Build System/Package Manager Comparison
Buck
Buckaroo
cmake
CMake Cheat Sheet
External Projects
Finding Packages
How To Automatically Run Unit Tests Using CMake
How To Install Your Program Using CMake
How To Make Your Library Support find_package()
Conan
Gradle
SCons
Checksums
CRCs (Cyclic Redundancy Checks)
Cloud
AWS
AWS Command-Line Interface
AWS Fargate
AWS IoT
AWS SAM
boto3
CloudFormation
Creating A Scheduled Lambda Function Using AWS CDK
Lambda
S3
Sceptre
Azure
Google Cloud
Compilers
clang
GCC
GCC Bugs
GCC Code Coverage
GCC Compiler Errors And How To Fix Them
GCC Compiler Optimisation Levels
GCC Profiling
GNU Linker Scripts
Non-Standard GNU C/C++ Features (aka Extensions)
MPLAB XC Compilers
CPU Architectures
ARM Cortex-M3
Bit Banding
Instrumentation Trace Microcell
C2000
PowerPC e200
Data Acquisition Systems (DAQs)
LabJack
Databases
InfluxDB
Design Patterns
Abstraction Layers
Concurrency Patterns
Dependency Injection
Futures And Promises
How To Write Super Loops In Firmware
Memory Barriers
Opaque Pointers
State Machines
Event Driven State Machines
A Function Pointer Based State Machine
A Switch Statement State Machine
Electron
Embedded Linux
U-Boot
Yocto Project
How To Add A Custom App To A Yocto Build
Bitbake
Building Yocto
Developing And Remote Debugging Python App On Yocto Linux Build
Device Trees
Premade Recipes
Using CMake With The SDK
Yocto Recipes
Zynq
Building Linux For The Zynq ZC702 Eval Kit Using Yocto
Installing xsdb And JTAG Drivers
Firmware
Choosing Random Serial Numbers for Embedded Products
Controlling LED Brightness Using PWM
Handling Time in Firmware
Managing App Config In Non-Volatile Memory
Memfault
Using Dev Containers For Firmware
Controlling FTDI Devices
General Programming
Application Binary Interfaces (ABIs)
Automated Code Analysis
Code Licenses
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Continuous Integration
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Debugging On An Embedded System
Doxygen
ELF Files
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Memory
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PID Control
Time Measurement Systems
UML Diagrams
Unit Testing
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CLion
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STM32CubeIDE
vim
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Bit Fields And Bit Manipulation/Masking
.bss Section
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Control Statements
Data Types
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Embedded Systems And The Volatile Keyword
Enumerations
File Input And Output
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Inserting Assembly Code Into C
Linkage
Linux Bash Commands For C
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Logical Operators
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Object-Orientated C
Pointers
The C Preprocessor
Processing Command-Line Input
Reading User Input
Reducing Code Execution Time
Standards And Versions
String Manipulation in C
Structures
Switch Statements
System Calls
The Confusing Differences Between struct and typedef struct
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C++ Programming
A Brief History Of C++
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Classes
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Google Benchmark
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OpenMP Tutorial
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Warning And Error Message Help
C# Programming
Binding
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Going From WinForms To WPF
Graph Drawing
How To Access Serial Ports In C#
Redirecting The Command-line To A Text Block
Threading
Timers
Using InstallSheild
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Delphi
Java
Enumerations
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Guava EventBus
Implementing The Observer Pattern In Java
JavaFX
ComboBoxes
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ListView
Logging
Primitive Data Types
Serial Ports
Thread Safety (Concurrency)
JavaScript
Namespaces
Variable Scope
Julia
Lua
PowerShell
Python
A Tutorial On geopandas
An Introduction To Asynchronous Programming In Python
Anaconda
Bleak
Comments And Documentation
Creating Python Executables with PyInstaller
How To Use Dates And Times In Python
Installing Python
Using JSON in Python
Python Logging
matplotlib
Numpy
How To Create A Python Package
pandas
Parsing Command-Line Arguments In Python
pybind11
pySerial
pytest
Python And File Paths
Python Classes And Object Orientated Design
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Python Generators
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Python Sets
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Python SWIG Bindings From C/C++
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scipy
uv
Python Virtual Environments
Regex
ReStructuredText
Rust
Running Rust on Microcontrollers
TeX
Drawing Schematics With TikZ And CircuitikZ
TikZ And PGF Tutorial
VBScript
Corel Draw Macros
Verilog
Verilog Operators
VHDL
Logging On An Embedded System
Makefiles
MCU Peripherals
Watchdogs
Microcontrollers
Arduino
Shields And Hardware
The Arduino Lineup
Atmel
ATmega
ATMEL ATmega - UART
ATmega General I/O
ATmega Interrupts
ATmega Power Management And Sleep Modes
Programming
Atmel AT32 Family
Re-programming And/Or Modifying The DFU Bootloader
Atmel SAM Family
Atmel Xmega Family
ATMEL Xmega - General I/O
AVRDUDE
BeagleBone
Espressif Systems
ESP32
Infineon 32-bit AURIX TriCore
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nRF Cloud
nRF Connect for VS Code
nRF52
nRF53
Getting The MCU RSSI In Firmware
Unbricking a nRF53 Due To DCDC Config
nRF54
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How To Unbrick A PICkit 3
PIC18 Family
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Bootloading
Components
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Data Types
Family Comparison
How To Route A PSoC Microcontroller
Installing And Using emWin On A PSoC
Interrupts
Low-Volume Production With PSoC Microcontrollers
Outputting A Constant Length Pulse
Porting
Programming
PSoC Bugs, Problems And Annoyances
PSoC Creator
PSoC Power Management
Useful PSoC Macros
Using C++ With PSoC Creator
RaspberryPi
RaspberryPi Cameras
RaspberryPi Compute Modules
RP2040
Si100x Family
Si100x - General I/O
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SiFive
STM32 Microcontrollers
Texas Instruments
MSP430
Tuya
Operating Systems
Android
Azure RTOS ThreadX
Embassy
nRF52 DK Embassy Tutorial
FreeRTOS
Common Mistakes When Using FreeRTOS
Compiling FreeRTOS With C++
FreeRTOS And Watchdogs
FreeRTOS Quick Reference Guide
The Idle Task
Linux
A Review Of Linux Shells
Bash Script For Monitoring Disk Usage
Command-Line CSV Viewer
How To Change The IO Scheduling Class And Priority In Linux
How To Use SocketCAN With C++ In Linux
How To Use SocketCAN With The Command-Line In Linux
Keyboard Shortcuts
Linux Serial Ports Using C/C++
Monitor Linux Process Memory Usage Using C/C++
Programs
apt
awk
cat
chown
cp (copy)
cron
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diff
du (disk usage)
export
find
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kill
less
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meld
minicom
mv (move)
pdftk
pkill
ps
readelf
rename
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rsync
scp (secure copy)
screen
sed
SimpleScreenRecorder
socat
tar
tmux
valgrind
wc (Word Count)
zip
The Basic Essentials You Should Do After Installing Ubuntu
Users, Groups, And Permissions In Linux
Using Serial Ports In Linux
macOS
NuttX
PetaLinux
Quantum Platform (QP)
VxWorks
Windows
desktop.ini
Drive Mapping
Windows Driver Development
Windows Subsystem For Linux (WSL)
Zephyr
Adding a Custom Board to Zephyr
Zephyr Bluetooth
How to Use C++ With Zephyr
How to Create Linkable Zephyr Libraries Using CMake
How To Setup Debugging in VSCode For Zephyr
The Zephyr Installation Guide
Zephyr Logging
Setting up MCUboot in Zephyr
Using NFC in Zephyr
Zephyr Peripherals
The Zephyr Shell
The Zephyr State Machine Framework (SMF)
Programming Microcontrollers: An Overview
SEGGER J-Link
Serialization Formats
A Comparison Of Serialization Formats
Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR)
Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing (COBS)
CSV (Comma-Separated Value) Files
JSON
protobuf
Serialization for Embedded Systems
XML
YAML
Signal Processing
Analytic Signal
Basic Signal Types
How To Calibrate Sensors
Chirps
Convolution
Digital Filters
Exponential Moving Average (EMA) Filters
Kalman Filter
Windowed Moving Average Filters
Fourier Transforms
Hilbert Transform
Image Processing
Image Registration
Modality Independent Neighbourhood Descriptor (MIND)
Self-similarity Context (SSC)
Image Processing
Image Processing
Removing Mains Noise from ADC Measurements
Software Standards
Version Control Systems
Git
Converting Mercurial Repos To Git
Git Ignore For Visual Studio
Git Quickstart Guide
Managing Large Repos
Git Submodules
GitLab
Mercurial
Ignore Files
Mercurial Ignore File For PSoC Creator In Glob Syntax
Mercurial Ignore File For Altium Designer
uVision Version Control With Mercurial
Visual Studio Version Control With Mercurial
Managing Large Repos
Mercurial Extensions
Mercurial Speed Guide
Virtual Machines And Containers
Docker
Cleaning Up After Docker
Volumes
KVM
VirtualBox
Website Design
Content Management Systems
Wordpress
Wordpress Backups
Wordpress Plugins That This Site Uses
CSS
Domain Name Servers (DNS)
Folder And File Permissions
HTML
Image Manipulation
jQuery
nodejs
Using Connect
Using Express
OpenCart
Adding New Sections To An OpenCart Page
Adding Things To The Top Vertical Menu
Extending The Background
General
Modifying The Appearance Of The Specials Module
Removing Product Count From Categories
Removing The Currency Options
Stopping OpenCart From Being Hacked
Stopping Un-wanted Modules From Appearing On The Search Page
PHP
Running Umami on AWS Lightsail
Static Website Generators
Astro
Docusaurus
Hugo
User Interface Libraries
React
Vue
WebSockets
Wireframes
XAMPP
Project Management
MAHD
Robotics
Gazebo
ROS
catkin
Commands
Messages
Topics (Publishers And Subscribers)
xacro
Space
Coordinate Conversion
GDAL
Map Projections
Map Tile Servers
QGIS
rasterio
Satellites
Sentinel-2
Simplified Perturbations Models
Two-line Elements
Updates
2004
Kaboom! website created
Black Powder Recipe Added
Kaboom Logo Made
Electronic Fuse Instructable Added
Sodium Hypochlorate And Sugar Bangs Added
Rocketry Section Added To Website
Added Words To The Pyro Encyclopedia
Picture And Movie Gallery Online
Cardboard Tube Instructable Added
Motar Movie Added
Polumna Salute Instructable And Definitions Added
2010
Submitted Site To Search Engines
This Site Is Getting Re-vamped...
Lightbox Installed
Programming, DJ Sub-site Added
Silent Disco Images Added
Added Facebook Social Plugin
ATmega Code Examples Added, C Programming Section Added
Installed Local Apache Server For Testing
BLDC Motor, Li-Po Batt, Charger And Other Electric Skateboard Gear Arrived
The Motor Spins
Tidied Up The Pyrotechnics Section
2011
Updated Electrical Suppliers, Leyden Jar Project Added, Workshop Images Uploaded
Programming Section Updated
Added The Santa Alarm Project
Remote DJing Tutorial Nearly Finished
Software To Design Websites...
Remote DJing Tutorial Sidelined
Li-Po Battery Broken!
Wordpress Migration
Electronics Section Migration Complete
Pyrotechnics Section Migrated
Programming Section Migrated
I2C Communication Page Updated
Drupal Site Fully Migrated!
Site Downtime!
Youtube Links Are Down...
2012
Kaboom History Added
Electric Skateboard PCB Routing On The Way To Being Finished
Merged history from GeoWeb website
Mercurial Ignore File For PSoC Creator
New Electric Skateboard Photos Added
Changing The Layout Of The Skateboard PCBs...
Electric Skateboard Half-Bridge Mach 4 Almost Working
Domain Name Changed!
Skateboard Motion Sensor And Alarm Prototype Working
Electric Skateboard PCBs Sent To PCB Cart For Manufacturing
Electric Skateboard PCBs Arrived In The Wrong Colour
I2C Page Updated
Waterproof Lights For The Electric Skateboard Have Arrived
The New Red PCBs Have Arrived
Cladlab Menu's Gone
Cause Found For The Mysterious Skateboard PCB Faults
PSoC And Xbee Module Fried On Electric Skateboard
Skateboard Wired Up, But Half-Bridge Driver Over-Heating
Skateboard H-Bridge Blew Up (for the +10th time)
Electric Skateboard Project Finished!
CladLabs Menu Gets A Make Over
Piezo Crystal Formation Project Uploaded!
Playing Around With The Kinect
Electric Skateboard Firmware Uploaded
BLDC Motor Control Page Added
Rotating Image Banner Added
Luxcity UV Tonic Control System Project Started
Tonic Control System Project Finished!
Calculators To Be Added!
Calculators Upgraded And Have Their Own Page
PVC Rocket Motor Info Added
2 New Calculators Added: Capacitor Charge And Energy
2013
Happy New Year And Welcome To 2013
Changes Over The Last 3 Months
How To Use C++ With PSoC Creator
CladLabs Background Has Gone Black
NextGEN Template Code Gives Images A Caption And Fresh Look
Growth Over The Last Year (2012-13)
Image Captions Gone On NextGEN Update
NextGen Captions Are Back
Site Wide Disappearance Of Most Images
Recent Updates
November 2013 Updates!
100,000 views!
December 2013 Updates
2014
January 2014 Updates
February-June 2014 Updates
Disqus "Ads" Removed
July 2014 Updates
August 2014 Updates
September 2014 Updates
Two Bugs Which Need Fixing Soon...
November 2014 Updates
December 2014 Updates
2015
Happy New Year, Plans For 2015
January 2015 Updates
February 2015 Updates
A new way of displaying child pages is coming...
Site Running Slowly (Does That Mean It's Walking?)
March 2015 Updates
Move To Managed Wordpress Hosting For Speed Increase
April 2015 Updates
May 2015 Updates
June 2015 Updates
Now Using The Twenty Fifteen Theme
Conflict With "Child Page List" And "Code Highlighter" Style Plugins
July 2015 Updates
August 2015 Updates
September 2015 Updates
October 2015 Updates
November 2015 Updates
December 2015 Updates
2016
February 2016 Updates
March 2016 Updates
April 2016 Updates
May 2016 Updates
June 2016 Updates
NinjaCalc v1.3.0 Released
July 2016 Updates
August 2016 Updates
December 2016 Updates
2017
January 2017 Updates
NinjaCalc Is Now A Web App
April 2017 Updates
May 2017 Updates
June 2017 Updates
July 2017 Updates
August 2017 Updates
September 2017 Updates
October 2017 Updates
November 2017 Updates
December 2017 Updates
2018
Happy New Year 2018
January 2018 Updates
Geodesic Calculator Added To NinjaCalc
February 2018 Updates
March 2018 Updates
PID Tuner Tool Released In NinjaCalc
August 2018 Updates
Site Migration To Hugo Complete
December 2018 Updates
2019
Happy New Year 2019
January 2019 Updates
February 2019 Updates
Adding Shurikens
March 2019 Updates
April 2019 Updates
May 2019 Updates
June 2019 Updates
July 2019 Updates
August 2019 Updates
September 2019 Updates
October 2019 Updates
November 2019 Updates
December 2019 Updates
2020
Happy New Year 2020
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We Now Have Search
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2021
Happy New Year 2021
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2022
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2023
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2024
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2025
Happy New Year 2025
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NinjaTerm v4.20.0 Released
June 2025 Updates
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2026
Happy New Year 2026
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RaspberryPi Compute Modules
RaspberryPi Compute Modules
Authors:
Geoffrey Hunter
Published On:
Jul 21, 2026
Last Updated:
Jul 21, 2026
NinjaCalc