Wire-to-Board (WTB) Connectors

Wire-to-board (WTB) connectors are a very common type of electrical connector. WTB connectors are used to attach free wires and cables to a PCB, to provide both electrical connections and mechanical support.

Naming

The name can be abbreviated to WTB connectors or W-T-B connectors. They can also be referred to as board-to-wire connectors.

WTB connectors get rid of all the problems with soldering wires directly onto a PCB, which include fatigue/breaking issues, short-circuit woes, and the ease of disconnecting/re-connecting the wires.

Trying the find a good, reasonably-priced WTB connector on a electronic supplier’s website can be near-impossible. There are so many varieties, shapes, lead pitches, bad datasheets, and different manufacturer’s making nearly identical products. Also, to top it all of, you need to usually find more than one item to make a connector work (e.g. if you buy a connector you must also find the matching receptacle and crimp pins). And most suppliers don’t do a good job and making the related parts obvious.

Examples

Jumper Wires

Jumper wires (a.k.a. DuPont connectors) are a very common type of WTB connector. The connector family lives on as products such as Amphenol FCI’s Mini-PV range, and you will rarely find “Dupont” in a manufacturer’s part name. They are a 2.54 mm (0.1”) crimp housing, most commonly single-way, which mates with standard pin headers. Multi-way (1xN) and dual-row (2xN) housings are also available from the same family. They are very cheap to make, versatile, flexible to route and small, thus very popular for prototyping and hobbyist electronics. They are not that common for production electronics as they easily disconnect under small amounts of force or vibration, and it starts to become tedious to connect many of these up when a multi-pin connector would suit much better.

A selection of Dupont cables. The 3 on the left are 100 mm long male-to-male, male-to-female and female-to-female cables. The middle and right columns are the same genders but in 200 mm and 300 mm lengths respectively. Each bundle contains 40 wires, which is a standard way Eastern manufacturers provide them.

Jumper wires can also be used for wire-to-wire connections, but again, this is only recommended for quick prototyping and not for production electronics.

Tip

The DuPont name comes from Berg Electronics, which originally created them in the 1950’s. In 1972, Berg was acquired by DuPont. There is evidence the Berg name was kept after the acquisition, but “Division of DuPont” or similar was added to branding.¹ In 1998, the connector division of DuPont was acquired by FCI and given back its original name of Berg Electronics Corporation.² In 2016, FCI was acquired by Amphenol Corporation. Amphenol continues to make these under the name “Mini-PV Basics”. ³ They are now also manufactured by a number of other companies.

I have seen them used in commercial drones where weight reduction and a low profile were very important. To help combat the disconnection problem, strain relief was provided very close to the connectors. This works because any tug on the cable is taken by the strain relief rather than the friction-fit contact.

JST PH/SH Family

The JST PH 2.0mm pitch W2B connector family is used for the Adafruit STEMMA devices, and the JST SH 1.0mm pitch W2B connector used for Adafruit STEMMA QT (QT representing cutie, referring to the smaller pitch) and SparkFun QwiiC devices⁴.

A photo of a Adafruit “STEMMA QT” or SparkFun “Qwiic” connector + cable. Both use the JST SH 1.0mm pitch W2B connector family⁴. Image (C) 2021, Adafruit.

JST ACH Family

The JST ACH is a family of small top entry, side feed style of wire-to-board connector. They have a pitch of 1.2mm. It has a low profile height of 1.4mm when mated.⁵

A photo of a JST ACH connector.⁶

They are only available in 2 and 3-way versions. Both are rated for 2A of current per contact when using AWG #28 wire. The 2-pin female version of this connector is used on many of the embedded NFC antennas from Taoglas. This is a placeholder for the reference: fig-taoglas-nfc-antenna-with-jst-ach-connector shows a photo of the FXR.4040.52.0075X.B.dg Taoglas NFC antenna with a JST ACH connector.

A photo of the FXR.4040.52.0075X.B.dg Taoglas NFC antenna with a JST ACH connector.⁷

TE Connectivity HPI

TE Connectivity’s 2.0mm HPI connectors are a good choice if you want a smallish connector with 2 to 12 wires. There are SMD and TH variants of the PCB mounted half. I like these because they are relatively cheap, have good documentation, and best of all, come with 3D step models for creating a 3D mock-up of the PCB.

Manufacturing codes include 1775469-x for the right-angle SMD variants, and 1775470-x for the vertical SMD variants. x is the number of pins in all cases.

Molex PicoBlade

Molex’s PicoBlade connector families are quite popular. They have a 1.25mm pitch and a 1A capacity per contact. There are a variety of wire-to-board and wire-to-wire options.

A photo showing a few of the connectors from the Molex PicoBlade families. Image from www.molex.com.

MTA/CST-100 Connectors

MTA-100 connectors are a family of wire-to-board and wire-to-wire connectors. They use the insulation displacement contact (IDC) technique to make electrical contact between the housing and the wires without having to use crimps⁸. MTA-100 connectors are colour coded according the wire size they accept.

Connector Colour	Wire Size
Red	22AWG
White	24AWG
Blue	26AWG
Green	28AWG

Footnotes

1. Matt Millman (2021, Mar 22). Why do we call these “DuPont” connectors?. Matt’s Tech Pages. Retrieved 2026-10-13, from https://www.mattmillman.com/why-do-we-call-these-dupont-connectors/. ↩

2. UPI (1993, Mar 2). Hicks, Muse completes acquisition of DuPont’s connector systems [news article]. UPI Archives. Retrieved 2026-10-12, from https://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/03/02/Hicks-Muse-completes-acquisition-of-DuPonts-connector-systems/4271731048400/. ↩

3. Michael Schoeffler (2017, Nov 2). Tutorial: How to crimp DuPont/Mini-PV connectors [Engineer PA-09 connector pliers]. Retrieved 2026-10-12, from https://www.mschoeffler.de/2017/11/02/tutorial-how-to-crimp-dupontmini-pv-connectors-engineer-pa-09-connector-pliers/. ↩

4. Adafruit. JST SH 4-pin Right Angle Connector (10-pack) - Qwiic Compatible. Retrieved 2021-12-03, from https://www.adafruit.com/product/4208. ↩ ↩²

5. JST. ACH Connector - Disconnectable Crimp style connectors [datasheet]. Retrieved 2025-04-02, from https://mm.digikey.com/Volume0/opasdata/d220001/medias/docus/2226/ACH_1.2Pitch_DisconnectableCrimp.pdf. ↩

6. RS. Connectors / PCB Connectors & Wire Housings / Wire Housings & Plugs / JST, ACH Female Connector Housing, 1.2mm Pitch, 2 Way, 1 Row [product page]. Retrieved 2025-04-02, from https://nz.rs-online.com/web/p/wire-housings-plugs/1755471. ↩

7. Taoglas. NFC Flex Antenna (40400.355 mm) with Reverse Ferrite Layer 75mm Twisted Pair 28AWG Cable and ACH(F) Connector - FXR.4040.52.0075X.B.dg [product page]. Retrieved 2025-04-02, from https://www.taoglas.com/product/nfc-flex-antenna-40400-355-mm-with-reverse-ferrite-layer-75mm-twisted-pair-28awg-cable-and-achf-connector/. ↩

8. TE Connectivity. MTA 100 & MTA 156 Connectors. Retrieved 2021-10-07, from https://www.te.com/usa-en/products/connectors/pcb-connectors/intersection/mta-100-mta-156-connectors.html. ↩