April 2016 Updates

• Added information about multiple-collector and multiple-emitter BJTs.

The schematic of a basic two-input TTL NAND gate.

• Information added on using low-pass RC filters for making a VDAC from a PWM source.

• Added information about the 10-bit I2C addressing scheme.

• New How To Calculate Track Current page under the PCB Design section of the website, with information, equations, and more info on how to calculate the maximum current a track (a.k.a. trace) on a PCB can take.

• Added new info on NTC thermistor temperature sensing with information on PTC and NTC thermistors, including how to connect them up to a microcontroller for temperature measurements.

A screenshot of the NTC thermistor page.

• New MicroBlaze page under Programming->Microcontrollers.

• New Z-Wave page under Electronics->Communication Protocols.

• New information about the common-collector BJT amplifier.

The basic schematic of a common-collector BJT amplifier.

including simulation results…

Vout vs. Vin for a basic common-collector BJT amplifier.

• Information added about making constant-current LED drivers using BJTs.

The simulation schematic for a constant-current BJT-based LED driver.